Cerium-Dioxide-Doped Tungsten Electrodes Containing 1.8% To 2.2% CeO2.

The EWCe-2 electrodes are tungsten electrodes containing about two percent cerium oxide, referred to as ceria. The EWCe-2 electrodes were first introduced into the United States market in 1987. Several other grades of this type electrode are commercially practical, including electrodes containing one percent CeO, but only one grade, EWCe-2, has been incorporated in this specification as having commercial significance. The advantages of tungsten electrodes containing ceria, compared to pure tungsten, include increased ease of starting, improved arc stability and reduced rate of vaporization or burn-off. Unlike thoria, ceria is not a radioactive material. These electrodes operate successfully with alternating current or direct current, either polarity.

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